Freeze-pressing with the X-press is an excellent method to disintegrate and release of components from organisms with a rigid cell wall, such as bacteria and plants however it is also suitable for extracting heat-labile substances from organisms without a rigid cell wall, such as animal tissue.
The following material has been successfully disrupted using the X-press technique
P=paste S=suspension T=tissue
Animal Tissues | No.of pressings | % of disruption | State of material | |
Human | Myeloma | 1 | 90 | T |
Prostate carcinoma | 1 | 90 | T | |
Liver | 1 | 90 | T | |
Rat | Liver | 1 | 90 | T |
Heart | 1 | 90 | T | |
Stomach | 1 | 90 | T | |
Intestine | 1 | 90 | T | |
Brain | 1 | 90 | T | |
Skin | 5 | 90 | S | |
Muscle | 5 | 95 | T | |
Guinea Pig | Skin | 5 | 75 | T |
Chicken | Muscle | 5 | 75 | T |
Bone | 4 | 60 | T | |
Ox | Cornea | 4 | 95 | T |
Sclerotic | 5 | 85 | S | |
Spermatozoa | 5 | 95 | S | |
Water snail | Foot | 3 | 95 | T |
Torpedo | Electric organ | 5 | 85 | T |
Protozoa | Astasia longa | 3 | 100 | S |
Crithidia encapelti | 3 | 100 | P | |
Prototheca zopfil | 4 | 99 | S | |
Yeasts | ||||
Lipomyces sp | 7 | 90 | S | |
Candida sp | 5 | 85 | S | |
Saccharomyces pombe | 5 | 90 | S | |
Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 3 | 90 | P.S | |
Botanical material | ||||
Ragweed pollen | 2 | 95 | S | |
Foxtail pollen | 4 | 65 | P | |
Chlorella sp | 3 | 90 | S | |
Lamminaria sp | 5 | 65 | S | |
Cellulose fibre | 7 | 70 | S | |
Phaseolus auzeus (Mung bean) | 2 | 100 | T | |
Potato | 2 | 90 | T | |
Fungal material | ||||
Penicillium sp | 4 | 95 | S | |
Aspergillus niger | 3 | 95 | S | |
Aspergillus oryzae | 3 | 95 | S | |
Bacteria | ||||
Brucella sp | 5 | 80 | S | |
Bacillus anthracis | 9 | 75 | S | |
Bacillus megaterium | 3 | 90 | S | |
Lactobacillus bulgaricus | 3 | 90 | P.S | |
Clostridium chauvool | 4 | 90 | S | |
Clostridium welchii | 3 | 90 | S | |
Clostridium butyricum | 3 | 95 | S | |
Clostridium perfringens | 5 | 90 | S | |
Escherichia coli | 3 | 95 | P.S | |
Azotobacter vinelandii | 3 | 95 | S | |
Bordetella pertussis | 3 | 99 | P | |
Diplococcus pneumoniae | 2 | 99 | P | |
Leuconostoc mesenteroides | 5 | 90 | S | |
Mycobacterium phlei | 5 | 75 | S | |
Nocardia sp | 4 | 90 | S | |
Proteus mirabilis | 3 | 90 | P | |
Rhodospirillum rubum | 3 | 99 | S | |
Salmonella typhimurium | 3 | 99 | P | |
Staphylococcus albus | 2 | 70 | P | |
Staphylococcus aureus | 3 | 75 | S | |
Streptococcus pyogenes | 3 | 75 | P | |
Streptococcus faecalis | 5 | 99 | S | |
Cryptococcus terricolus | 5 | 99 | S |